住院成人患者血压测量袖带尺寸选择的最佳证据总结

目的 根据上臂围选用合适尺寸袖带测量血压的最佳证据进行总结,为临床提供理论参考。方法 根据循证护理的方法确立问题,利用计算机按“6S”证据模型,检索有关血压测量袖带尺寸的选择,包括指南、专家共识、临床决策和证据总结,由4名完成循证护理培训的研究员对纳入的文献独立评价,并对选取出符合质量标准的文献进行证据提取。结果 该研究纳入证据7篇,其中临床实践指南4篇、专家共识2篇、系统评价1篇,对相关证据进行汇总,总结了3方面内容。结论 应加强对医护人员血压测量规范流程的培训,根据患者的上臂围选用尺寸适合的袖带进行血压测量,减少因袖带不当带来的测量误差以减少高血压误诊和漏诊。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）研究热点可视化分析＊

目的 针对目前新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情在全世界的蔓延，受病毒感染的人数持续上升，本研究全面分析新型冠状病毒肺炎的研究现状与热点。方法 本研究利用CiteSpace与VOSviewer，对2020年1月至2020年3月2日期间发布的新型冠状病毒肺炎相关文献进行可视化分析。结果 共纳入401篇文献进行可视化分析，作者合著网络分析提示：目前，研究领域核心作者团队还没有形成，但有四个团队之间彼此的联系较为紧密；研究机构网络分析提示：机构间合作存在高校与医院、医院与医院、医院与企业以及跨区域的合作，湖北省是目前为止地区发文量中机构数和文献数最多的地方。关键词可视化研究提示：基于CiteSpace高频关键词分为常用疾病名称、检测方法、中医诊疗、西医诊疗和信息技术，共五类，基于VOSviewer的共词聚类分析可以分出8个聚类。结论 冠状病毒肺炎疾病的研究热点集中在新型冠状病毒的命名、检测方法、诊疗内容上，并且信息技术的运用越来越突出，中医信息化紧密结合研究及时有效地为疾病的诊疗提供强有力支撑。     

Ocular dysfunctions and toxicities induced by antiepileptic medications: Types,pathogenic mechanisms,and treatment strategies

Introduction: Ocular dysfunctions and toxicities induced by antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are rarely reviewed and not frequently received attention by treating physicians compared to other adverse effects (e.g. endocrinologic, cognitive and metabolic). However, some are frequent and progressive even in therapeutic concentrations or result in permanent blindness. Although some adverse effects are non-specific, others are related to the specific pharmacodynamics of the drug.

Areas covered: This review was written after detailed search in PubMed, EMBASE, ISI web, SciELO, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register databases (from 1970 to 2019). It summarized the reported ophthalmologic adverse effects of the currently available AEDs; their risks and possible pathogenic mechanisms. They include ocular motility dysfunctions, retinopathy, maculopathy, glaucoma, myopia, optic neuropathy, and impaired retinal vascular autoregulation. In general, ophthalmo-neuro- or retino-toxic adverse effects of AEDs are classified as type A (dose-dependent), type B (host-dependent or idiosyncratic) or type C which is due to the cumulative effect from long-term use.

Expert opinion: Ocular adverse effects of AEDs are rarely reviewed although some are frequent or may result in permanent blindness. Increasing knowledge of their incidence and improving understanding of their risks and pathogenic mechanisms are crucial for monitoring, prevention, and management of patients’ at risk.     

《中医内科临床诊疗指南——头痛》制定中患者偏好与价值观的调查研究

目的:研究原发性头痛患者偏好与价值观,为形成推荐意见强度分级共识时提供参考。方法:采用横断面网络调查,通过半开放式电子问卷形式,使用视觉模拟评分(VAS)测量影响患者选择治疗措施的考虑因素重要性、总体治疗措施方向、头痛辨证汤剂治疗、原发性头痛的中成药及非药物治疗措施等方面的偏好与价值观。结果:调查共纳入研究对象217人。影响患者选择治疗措施的考虑因素重要性评分、总体治疗措施方向的偏好评分、偏头痛及紧张型头痛治疗措施的偏好评分差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。患者在选择治疗措施时最关注疗效,总体偏好于选择非药物疗法。在偏头痛治疗中,患者对针刺治疗偏好程度最高;在治疗紧张型头痛时,患者对推拿治疗的偏好程度最高;在治疗丛集性头痛时,患者对不同干预措施没有表现出明显偏好。结论:总体上,不良反应少的非药物疗法,如针灸、推拿等在原发性头痛治疗中更受患者欢迎,临床实践指南的制定应该考虑头痛患者的这一偏好与价值观结果。     

Disrupted resting-state EEG alpha-band interactions as a novel marker for the severity of visual field deficits after brain lesion

ObjectiveHomonymous visual field deficits (HFVDs) are frequent following brain lesions. Current restoration treatments aim at activating areas of residual vision through numerous stimuli, but show limited effect. Recent findings suggest that spontaneous neural α-band coupling is more efficient for enabling visual perception in healthy humans than task-induced activations. Here, we evaluated whether it is also associated with the severity of HFVD.MethodsTen patients with HFVDs after brain damage in the subacute to chronic stage and ten matched healthy controls underwent visual stimulation with alternating checkerboards and electroencephalography recordings of stimulation-induced power changes and of spontaneous neural interactions during rest.ResultsVisual areas of the affected hemisphere showed reduced event-related power decrease in α and β frequency bands, but also reduced spontaneous α-band interactions during rest, as compared to contralesional areas and healthy controls. A multivariate stepwise regression retained the degree of disruption of spontaneous interactions, but not the reduced task-induced power changes as predictor for the severity of the visual deficit.ConclusionsSpontaneous α-band interactions of visual areas appear as a better marker for the severity of HFVDs than task-induced activations.SignificanceTreatment attempts of HFVDs should try to enhance spontaneous α-band coupling of structurally intact ipsilesional areas.     

缓解视疲劳功能中药复方保健产品配方规律及特点分析

目的通过检索特殊食品信息查询平台公布的具有缓解视疲劳功能的保健食品信息资料,以及药智数据网的中成药处方数据库中眼科中成药中有保健功能的产品信息资料,为具有缓解视疲劳功能的保健产品的组方与产品开发提供依据与参考。方法运用Microsoft Excel2016软件及中医传承辅助平台对检得的产品信息进行统计,分析其配方特点。结果共收集到141个具有缓解视疲劳功能的保健食品,其中64个(45.4%)保健食品配方中含有中药类原料。使用频次≥5的中药原料有6味,累计使用145次(72%),由高到低分别是菊花、枸杞子、决明子、桑椹、熟地黄、茯苓。通过无监督的熵层次聚类得到3个新处方。非中药原料在缓解视疲劳功能的保健食品中应用较为普遍,含有外来天然植物资源的60个产品,含叶黄素及维生素类的17个。统计眼科中成药中有保健功能的产品可知,使用频次≥4的中药原料有7味,累计使用32次(29%),由高到低分别是枸杞子、决明子、菟丝子、熟地黄、菊花、五味子、车前子。通过无监督的熵层次聚类得到1个新处方。结论保健食品在中药原料的选择上与中医药理论治疗视疲劳的原则基本契合,即滋补肝肾、平肝明目。但二者在中药原料选择范围、原料配伍、剂型种类等方面有所不同。此外,还在辨证保健理论指导下,尝试探讨应用文献数据处理统计方法筛选新配方、开发新产品,为中药复方保健产品的研发开辟了新思路、新方法。     

前房穿刺时限对原发性急性闭角型青光眼大发作的预后影响

目的评价前房穿刺时限对药物不可控制、持续高眼压状态下的原发性急性闭角型青光眼大发作的预后影响。方法回顾性分析2014年1～12月收治于华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院眼科的原发性急性闭角型青光眼大发作患者27例(28眼),发作眼急诊行前房穿刺放液术,术后按眼压情况即房水外流通道是否有效恢复分为A、B两组,对两组前房穿刺时限及视力转归情况进行比较。结果 A组前房穿刺时限明显低于B组,差异有统计学意义(t=-7.30,P0.01);A组视力恢复情况明显优于B组,差异有统计学意义(t=6.15,P0.01)。结论原发性急性闭角型青光眼大发作行前房穿刺后,对房水外流通路能有效恢复、眼内压短期下降的患者,穿刺放液时限较短,视力恢复较好。     

The size-weight illusion in visual form agnosic patient DF

ABSTRACT

The size-weight illusion is a perceptual illusion where smaller objects are judged as heavier than equally weighted larger objects. A previous informal report suggests that visual form agnosic patient DF does not experience the size-weight illusion when vision is the only available cue to object size. We tested this experimentally, comparing the magnitudes of DF’s visual, kinesthetic and visual-kinesthetic size-weight illusions to those of 28 similarly-aged controls. A modified t-test found that DF’s visual size-weight illusion was significantly smaller than that of controls (z_cc = ?1.7). A test of simple dissociation based on the Revised Standardized Difference Test found that the discrepancy between the magnitude of DF’s visual and kinesthetic size-weight illusions was not significantly different from that of controls (z_dcc = ?1.054), thereby failing to establish a dissociation between the visual and kinesthetic conditions. These results are consistent with previous suggestions that visual form agnosia, following ventral visual stream damage, is associated with an abnormally reduced size-weight illusion. The results, however, do not confirm that this reduction is specific to the use of visual size cues to predict object weight, rather than reflecting more general changes in the processing of object size cues or in the use of predictive strategies for lifting.